Emergency Protocols for Journalists in Pakistan

For journalists operating in Pakistan, emergency protocols involve physical, digital, and psychosocial safety measures supported by dedicated local and international organizations. These strategies are essential due to the country's documented risks, which include legal action, harassment, physical attacks, and online censorship.

Physical Safety and Medical Protocols

These protocols are especially important in hostile environments and conflict zones.

• Risk assessment: Before any assignment, a field risk assessment must be performed, and an escape plan should be developed. No story is worth your life.
• Identification: In civil disturbances, visibly mark yourself as "PRESS" and carry your credentials. Avoid arguing with conflicting parties and maintain an impartial stance.
• Protective equipment: Wear protective gear, such as bulletproof vests and helmets, when necessary. Choose colors that will not confuse you with security forces.
• Medical training and supplies: At least one team member should have basic first-aid knowledge and carry a trauma kit.
• Health insurance: The government has launched a health insurance scheme for registered media workers that covers treatments at partner hospitals.
• Emergency contacts: Carry a directory of nearby hospitals, police stations, and local emergency services (e.g., Rescue 1122).

Digital Security Protocols

As threats increasingly originate online, digital security is paramount.

• Training and awareness: Many journalists in Pakistan lack formal digital security training. It is crucial to learn about and implement digital security measures.
• Encryption and privacy: Use encrypted messaging services, such as Signal, and secure your devices with strong passwords.
• Virtual Private Networks (VPNs): Use a VPN to circumvent internet censorship, which is prevalent during times of political unrest.
• Protecting sources and data: Keep sensitive data, including sources' contact details, in secure, encrypted locations.
• Social media hygiene: Limit access to your social media accounts, regularly review your content, and clear your browsing history.

Legal and Psychosocial Support

Threats are not only physical; legal and psychological support is also critical for journalist safety.

• Legal aid: Organizations like IRADA run a Legal Aid Cell, "Muavin," in partnership with PFUJ and PBC.
• Filing a complaint: Under the Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Act, 2021, complaints can be filed with relevant ministries.
• Online harassment: The Digital Rights Foundation operates a Cyber Harassment Helpline for legal aid and digital security training.
• Mental health: Services like "Dastgir" provide online mental health counseling for Pakistani journalists.

Organizational and Union Support

• Press Unions: Journalists can contact unions like the PFUJ for support. Prominent union leaders often act as emergency contacts.
• NGO support: Organizations like CPJ and IFJ provide resources and advocate for journalist safety.
• Newsroom protocols: News organizations must have clear protocols for staff safety, including training, safety gear, and insurance.